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education: birds of georgia Green-breasted Mango, Anthracothorax prevostii
Status: Accidental, with one record from Dublin ( Laurens ) of an immature or female bird visiting a feeder 25 Oct 2006- 2 Feb 2008 +, representing only the third record in the United States north of Texas. The first such record was from Concord ( Cabarrus ), NC, 12 Nov- 4 Dec 2000 of an immature male (Sibley 2007). The second such record was from Beloit, WI, early Sep- 5 Nov 2007 of an immature or female bird, which on 5 Nov 2007 was taken into captivity and housed at a local zoo. The Migratory Bird Act did not protect the species at the time and permitted its capture without the permission of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, but new rules were pending at the time that if enacted would protect the species. As of 1 Feb 2008, there are 16 records from Texas, and sightings in Texas are increasing: 1. 14-23 Sep 1988, 1 imm/female at Brownsville ( Cameron ); 2. 6-27 Jan 1992, 1 imm/female at Corpus Christi, ( Nueces) ; 3. 22-27 Sep 1993, 1 female at Falfurrias ( Brooks ); 4. 18-20 Aug 1993, 1 imm at Santa Ana NWR, ( Hidalgo) 5. 17-20 Aug 1996, 2 birds at San Benito ( Cameron ); 6. 3-8 and 21 Nov- 21 Dec 1997, 1 at Corpus Christi ( Nueces ); 7. 22-23 May 1999, 1 at Los Fresnos ( Cameron ); 8. 1-8 Feb 2001, 1 male at McAllen ( Hidalgo ); 9. 10 Jul- 15 Aug 2001, 1 imm/ female at Pharr (Hidalgo) ; 10. 28 Sep- 18 Oct 2001, 1 male at McAllen ( Hidalgo ); 11. 23 Nov 2001- 12 Feb 2002, 1 male at McAllen ( Hidalgo) ; 12. 9 Sep- 23 Oct 2002, 1 male at McAllen ( Hidalgo ); 13. 22 Aug- 5 Dec 2004, 1 male at McAllen (Hidalgo); 14. 20 Sep 2004- 25 Jan 2005, 1(possibly 2) at McAllen ( Hidalgo) ; 15. 18-20 Jan 2005, 1 imm/female, San Benito ( Cameron ); 16. 8-9 Jul 2006, 1 imm, San Benito (Camero n ) ; Thirteen of the Texas sightings were in the Rio Grande Valley in Hidalgo and Cameron counties that adjoin Mexico. Two were in Corpus Christi along the Gulf Coast, and one came from an inland location in Falfurrias in south Texas. Most birds arrive in late summer (Aug) and early fall (Sep and Oct) (Texas Records Committee) (Sibley 2006). Habitat: Semi-open areas with scattered tall trees and hedges, forest edges, and clearings. Typically perches on higher bare branches and twigs (Howell and Webb 1995). (In Georgia, bird was seen perching in tall, mature loblolly pines and in lower ornamental bushes). Breeds from eastern Mexico on the Atlantic slope as far north as southern Tamaulipas (a state that borders Texas) and south into southern Mexico. Particularly prevalent on Yucutan Peninsula (Howell and Webb 1995). Also breeds south through Central America to Costa Rica. In Mexico, it nests on Atlantic Slope Mar- Jun and in east El Salvador Oct- Feb (Howell and Webb 1995). Disjunct populations occur along the north coast of South America from Colombia through northern Venezuela, on the coastal slope of sw Ecuador and in extreme nw Peru. Migration: The species is partially migratory (Howell and Webb 1995) and is highly migratory in the northern portion of its range (Sibley 2007). More southerly populations migrate less. It occupies its breeding range in southern Tamaulipas and eastern Luis Potosi to south Veracruz and extreme western Tabasco from late Feb- Sep. The northern breeding population (from s Tamaulipas and south along the Atlantic slope to the Yucatan Peninsula, but not including the Yucatan Peninsula) completely migrates south in September with some birds reaching Peru and northern Venezuela, and returning to the Atlantic slope in February. It is uncommon to rare on the Yucatan Peninsula in winter and is common to fairly common along the Pacific slope of Mexico in winter (Howell and Webb 1995). Most vagrants to Texas and other states are probably immature birds from the highly migratory population along the Atlantic slope that do a reverse migration. Reverse migration is "a phenomenon in which some individuals orient in the opposite direction for that species at that season" (Sibley 2001). Diet: Insects, other invertebrates and nectar, especially from large trees such as Inga, Erythrina, Ceiba or kapok (Williamson, S. 2001). Identification: A medium sized hummingbird (L 4.3- 4.8 inches); all sexes and ages differ. Breeding Adult Male: Bill black and slightly decurved. (Compared to North American hummingbirds, the bill looks more than slightly decurved) (Howard, P, pers. comm). Throat flat black bordered by glittering blue-green to bluish moustache and chest, with black sometime extending into chest. Remaining underparts blue-green medially, green on sides and flanks, undertail coverts dusky purplish. Crown, nape, auriculars and upperparts deep green. Central rectrices dark bronzy green, with rest of tail purple to rufous purple with rectrices edged in black (Howell and Webb 1995). Breeding Adult Female: Throat and median underparts whitish with broad black stripe or throat becoming glittering blue-green on underbody. Chin may be white. Sides and flanks green; undertail coverts dusky, broadly edged in white. Crown, auriculars, nape, and upperparts green, with rest of tail blue-black tipped white, often with broad purple band basally (Howell and Webb 1995). Immature: Resembles female, but chin and upper throat white (may be spotted black) with white border to throat and chest mixed with cinnamon-brown. Outer rectrices of immature male (at least) with noticeable base (Howell and Webb 1995). Conservation: The World Conservation Union has listed Green-breasted Mango as a species of "least concern," meaning that it is "not currently threatened, near threatened or conservation dependent." The species is not currently protected in the U.S. under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Proposed revisions to the act, published in the Federal Register on August 24, 2006 would extend protection to this and 85 other species of accidental or casual occurrence in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The revisions were still pending in November 2007. Works Cited: Howell, S. N.G., and S. W. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press. Walton Street, Oxford, UK. Ridgely, R. S. 1976. A guide to the birds of Panama. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. Sibley, D.A. 2001. The Sibley guide to bird life & behavior. Chanticleer Press, Inc. Alfred Al Knopf, Inc. New York. Sibley, D.A. 31 Oct 2007. Sibley guide notebook online. Retrieved 2 Feb 2008 from: http://sibleyguides.blogspot.com/search?1=Green-%20breasted%20+Mango Texas Ornithological Society Annual Reports: minutes of Texas Records Committee. Retrieved 2 Feb 2008 from: http://sibleyguides.blogspot.com/search?1=Green-breasted+Mango Williamson, S. L. 2001: A field guide to the hummingbirds of North America. Peterson field guide series. Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston.
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